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_CrtMemDifference compares the memory states s1 and s2 and returns a result in ( s3) that is the difference between s1 and s2. To determine whether a memory leak has occurred in a section of code, you can take snapshots of the memory state before and after the section, and then use _ CrtMemDifference to compare the two states: _CrtMemCheckpoint( &s1 )
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_ CrtMemDumpStatistics outputs a dump of memory state that looks like: 0 bytes in 0 Free Blocks. To output the contents of a _CrtMemState structure, pass the structure to the _ CrtMemDumpStatistics function: _CrtMemDumpStatistics( &s1 ) The _CrtMemCheckpoint function fills in the structure with a snapshot of the current memory state. To take a snapshot of the memory state at a given point in your application, create a _CrtMemState structure and pass it to the _CrtMemCheckpoint function. You can set: _crtBreakAlloc = 18 Īnother technique for locating memory leaks involves taking snapshots of the application's memory state at key points. You can also set memory-allocation breakpoints in code. For more information, see Using breakpoints. Setting a data breakpoint on the object might also be helpful. Then, you can continue execution to observe what happens to the object and determine why it isn't correctly deallocated.
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When your program breaks at the specified memory allocation, use the Call Stack window and other debugger windows to determine the conditions under which the memory was allocated. Make sure to run under the same conditions, so the memory-allocation number doesn't change. In the Value column, replace the value with the allocation number of the memory allocation where you want the debugger to break.Īfter you set a breakpoint on a memory-allocation number, continue to debug. This value will be -1 if you have not set any breakpoints on memory allocations. The debugger evaluates the call and places the result in the Value column. Otherwise _crtBreakAlloc will be reported as unidentified. If your app doesn't define _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC, _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks displays a memory-leak report that looks like: Detected memory leaks! You can use _CrtSetReportMode to redirect the report to another location, or back to the Output window as shown here: _CrtSetReportMode( _CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG ) If you use a library, the library might reset the output to another location. To cause an automatic call to _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks at each exit point, place a call to _CrtSetDbgFlag at the beginning of your app with the bit fields shown here: _CrtSetDbgFlag ( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF ) īy default, _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks outputs the memory-leak report to the Debug pane of the Output window.
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If your app has several exits, you don't need to manually place _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks at every exit point. Release builds use the ordinary malloc and free functions.Īfter you've enabled the debug heap functions by using the preceding statements, place a call to _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks before an app exit point to display a memory-leak report when the app exits.
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If you leave out the #define statement, the memory leak dump will be less detailed.
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The #define statement maps a base version of the CRT heap functions to the corresponding debug version. To enable all the debug heap functions, include the following statements in your C++ program, in the following order: #define _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC The primary tools for detecting memory leaks are the C/C++ debugger and the C Run-time Library (CRT) debug heap functions. The Visual Studio debugger and C Run-time Library (CRT) can help you detect and identify memory leaks. Even harmless memory leaks might indicate other problems that should be corrected. A leaking app that uses up all available memory can cause other apps to crash, creating confusion as to which app is responsible. A small memory leak might not be noticed at first, but over time can cause symptoms ranging from poor performance to crashing when the app runs out of memory. Memory leaks result from the failure to correctly deallocate memory that was previously allocated. I currently have this in this part of Inno script įilename: \bin StatusMsg: Installing Visual Studio 2010 C++ CRT Libraries.Memory leaks are among the most subtle and hard-to-detect bugs in C/C++ apps.